软件设计者对软件系统运行环境硬件技术是否了解、了解多少会很大程度地影响软件系统的性能，同样，硬件设计者也必须了解他们的设计决策将对软件产生怎样的影响。本书着眼于当前计算机设计中最基本的概念，展示了软硬件间的关系。无论上述的哪一类读者，本书的内容都会使他们对计算机有更深入的认识。
同以往版本一样，本书采用MIPS处理器作为展示计算机硬件技术基本功能的核心。书中逐条指令地列举了完整的MIPS指令集——汇编语言的核心、计算机算术运算、流水线、存储器层次结构以及I/O，并介绍了网络和多处理器结构的基本内容。
将CPU性能和程序性能紧密地联系起来是本版的一个新增内容。作者展示了软硬件部件 (如算法、编程语言、编译器、指令集系统结构以及处理器的实现) 如何影响程序的性能。另外，本版对软硬件的讨论更加深入，并在光盘中为侧重硬件和侧重软件的读者分别提供了相关资料。
随书光盘的内容非常丰富，不仅包括第9章、附录、本书网站内容、附加习题、术语表、参考文献、索引等，而且还提供了HDL模拟器、MIPS模拟器以及FPGA设计工具等软件。
本书主要特点
■ 书中资料全部更新，以反映最新技术。
■ 使用标准32位MIPS指令集作为教学指令集。
■ 反映了体系结构的最新进展：
● Intel IA-32
● Power PC 604
● Pentium P4
● Google的PC集群
● 处理器基准测试集SPEC CPU2000
● Web基准测试集SPEC Web99
● 嵌入式系统测试集EEMBC
● AMD Opteron存储器层次结构
● AMD与IA-64比较
● Intrinsity FastMATH服务器处理器
■ 硬件方面的新资料：
● 使用逻辑设计约定
● 用硬件描述语言设计
● 高级流水线设计
● 使用FPGA设计
● HDL模拟器和使用说明
● Xilinx CAD工具
■ 软件方面的新资料：
● 编译器如何工作
● 如何优化编译器
● 如何实现面向对象程序设计语言
● 程序设计语言、编译器、操作系统以及数据库的历史
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David A. Patterson John L. Hennessy：David A. Patterson: 1977年加入加州大学伯克利分校以来，一直教授计算机体系结构课程。他因教学的成就获得ACM和加州大学的多次褒奖。2000年他由于“创造性的讲义和教学方法，重要的教材，教学与科研任务的有效结合”而获得IEEE颁发的James Mulligan教育勋章。1995年由于对RISC技术的贡献获得IEEE技术进步奖。1999年由于对RAID技术的贡献而获得IEEE Reynold Johnson信息存储奖。2000年与John Hennessy分享了IEEE的冯 诺依曼奖章，理由是“通过他们对体系结构创新的研究，推广和商业化，创造了计算机体系结构的一场革命”。他是美国国家工程院的成员，IEEE和ACM会士。曾任伯克利电气工程与计算机学院的计算机系主任。 在伯克利，Patterson教授领导设计并实现了RISC I，可能是世界上第1台VLSI精简指令集计算机。这一研究成为SPARC体系结构的基础，后者现在被众多厂商采用，包括Sun,富士通等。他并曾领导了RAID项目，现在众多公司采用这个高性能的存储系统。他还参与了NOW项目，这最终形成了众多互联网公司采用的机群技术。这些项目获得IEEE的3个杰出贡献奖。他目前的研究项目叫做面向恢复的计算（ROC）。
John L. Hennessy: 1977年开始任教于斯坦福大学电气工程与计算机科学系，现任斯坦福大学校长。他是IEEE和ACM会士，美国国家工程院成员，美国科学院院士。2001年他由于对RISC技术的杰出贡献而获得Eckert-Mauchly奖，并获得同年Seymour Cray计算机工程奖，2000年他与David Patterson共同获得冯 诺依曼奖。 Hennessy教授于1981年带领学生在斯坦福开始了MIPS项目，该项目1984年完成以后，他请假离开大学1年，与人合伙建立了MIPS计算机系统公司，开发出最早的商用RISC微处理器。1991年公司被Silicon Graphics收购，1998年公司又独立出来，改名为MIPS技术公司，主要研发嵌入式的微处理器。截至到2001年，运用在各种仪器设备（游戏机，掌上电脑，激光打印机，网络交换机）上的MIPS微处理器已经有2亿个之多。 Hennessy教授目前在斯坦福的研究兴趣主要是设计多处理器。他帮助领导设计DASH多处理器体系结构。
Chapter One: Computer Abstractions and Technology
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Below Your Program
1.3 Under the Covers
1.4 Real Stuff: Manufacturing Pentium 4 Chips
1.5 Fallacies and Pitfalls
1.6 Concluding Remarks
1.7 Historical Perspective and Further Reading
1.8 Exercises
Computers in the Real World: Information Technology for the 4 Billion without IT
Chapter Two: Instructions: Language of the Computer
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Operations of the Computer Hardware
2.3 Operands of the Computer Hardware
2.4 Representing Instructions in the Computer
2.5 Logical Operations
2.6 Instructions for Making Decisions
2.7 Supporting Procedures in Computer Hardware
2.8 Communicating with People
2.9 MIPS Addressing for 32-bit Immediates and Addresses
2.10 Starting a Program
2.11 How Compilers Optimize
2.12 How Compilers Work: An Introduction
2.13 A C Sort Example to Put It All Together
2.14 Implementing an Object Oriented Language
2.15 Arrays versus Pointers
2.16 Real Stuff: IA-32 Instructions
2.17 Fallacies and Pitfalls
2.18 Concluding Remarks
2.19 Historical Perspective and Further Reading
2.20 Exercises
Computers in the Real World: Saving our Environment with Data
Chapter Three: Arithmetic for Computers
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Signed and Unsigned Numbers
3.3 Addition and Subtraction
3.4 Multiplication
3.5 Division
3.6 Floating Point
3.7 Real Stuff: Floating Point in the IA-32
3.8 Fallacies and Pitfalls
3.9 Concluding Remarks
3.10 Historical Perspective and Further Reading
3.11 Exercises
Computers in the Real World: Reconstructing the Ancient World
Chapter Four: Assessing and Understanding Performance
4.1 Introduction
4.2 CPU Performance and Its Factors
4.3 Evaluating Performance
4.4 Real Stuff: Two SPEC Benchmarks and the Performance of Recent Intel Processors
4.5 Fallacies and Pitfalls
4.6 Concluding Remarks
4.7 Historical Perspective and Further Reading
4.8 Exercises
Computers in the Real World: Moving People Faster and More Safely
Chapter Five: The Processor: Datapath and Control
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Logic Design Conventions
5.3 Building a Datapath
5.4 A Simple Implementation Scheme
5.5 A Multicycle Implementation
5.7 Exceptions
5.8 Microprogramming: Simplifying Control Design
5.9 An Introduction to Digital Design Using a Hardware Design Language
5.10 Real Stuff: The Organization of Recent Pentium Implementations
5.11 Fallacies and Pitfalls
5.12 Concluding Remarks
5.13 Historical Perspective and Further Reading
5.14 Exercises
Computers in the Real World: Empowering the Disabled
Chapter Six: Enhancing Performance with Pipelining
6.1 An Overview of Pipelining
6.2 A Pipelined Datapath
6.3 Pipelined Control
6.4 Data Hazards and Forwarding
6.5 Data Hazards and Stalls
6.6 Branch Hazards
6.7 Using a Hardware Description Language to Describe and Model a Pipeline
6.8 Exceptions
6.9 Advanced Pipelining: Extracting More Performance
6.10 Real Stuff: The Pentium 4 Pipeline
6.11 Fallacies and Pitfalls
6.12 Concluding Remarks
6.13 Historical Perspective and Further Reading
6.14 Exercises
Computers in the Real World: Mass Communications without Gatekeepers
Chapter Seven: Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy
7.1 Introduction
7.2 The Basics of Caches
7.3 Measuring and Improving Cache Performance
7.4 Virtual Memory
7.5 A Common Framework for Memory Hierarchies
7.6 Real Stuff: A Pentium P4 and the AMD Opteron Memory Hierarchies
7.7 Fallacies and Pitfalls
7.8 Concluding Remarks
7.9 Historical Perspective and Further Reading
7.10 Exercises
Computers in the Real World: Saving the World s Art Treasures
Chapter Eight: Storage, Networks, and Other Peripherals
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Disk Storage and Dependability
8.3 Networks
8.4 Buses: Connecting I/O Devices to Processor and Memory
8.5 Interfacing I/O Devices to the Memory, Processor, and Operating System
8.6 I/O Performance Measures: Examples from Disk and File Systems
8.7 Designing an I/O System
8.8 Real Stuff: A Typical Desktop I/O System
8.9 Fallacies and Pitfalls
8.10 Concluding Remarks
8.11 Historical Perspective and Further Reading
8.12 Exercises
Computers in the Real World: Saving Lives Through Better Diagnosis All of the folling material appears on the CD
Chapter Nine: Multiprocessors
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Programming Multiprocessors
9.3 Multiprocessors Connected by a Single Bus
9.4 Multiprocessors Connected by a Network
9.5 Clusters
9.6 Network Topologies
9.7 Multiprocessors Inside a Chip and Multithreading
9.8 Real Stuff: The Google Cluster of PCs
9.9 Fallacies and Pitfalls
9.10 Concluding Remarks
9.11 Historical Perspective and Further Reading
9.12 Exercises
Appendix A: Assemblers, Linkers, and the SPIM Simulator
A.1 Introduction
A.2 Assemblers
A.3 Linkers
A.4 Loading
A.5 Memory Usage
A.6 Procedure Call Convention
A.7 Exceptions and Interrupts
A.8 Input and Output
A.9 SPIM
A.10 MIPS R2000 Assembly Language
A.11 Concluding Remarks
A.12 Exercises
Appendix B: The Basics of Logic Design
B.1 Introduction
B.2 Gates, Truth Tables, and Logic Equations
B.3 Combinational Logic
B.4 Clocks
B.5 Memory Elements
B.6 Finite State Machines
B.7 Timing Methodologies
B.8 Field Programmable Devices
B.9 Concluding Remarks
B.10 Exercises
Appendix C: Mapping Control to Hardware
C.1 Introduction
C.2 Implementing Combinational Control Units
C.3 Implementing Finite State Machine Control
C.4 Implementing the Next-State Function with a Sequencer
C.5 Translating a Microprogram to Hardware
C.6 Concluding Remarks
C.7 Exercises
Appendix D: A Survey of RISC Architectures for Desktop, Server, and Embedded Computers
D.1 Introduction
D.2 Addressing Modes and Instruction Formats
D.3 Instructions: The MIPS Core Subset
D.4 Instructions: Multimedia Extensions of the Desktop/Server RISCs
D.5 Instructions: Digital Signal-Processing Extensions of the Embedded RISCs
D.6 Instructions: Common Extensions to MIPS Core
D.7 Instructions Unique to MIPS64
D.8 Instructions Unique to Alpha
D.9 Instructions Unique to SPARC v.9
D.10 Instructions Unique to PowerPC
D.11 Instructions Unique to PA-RISC 2.0
D.12 Instructions Unique to ARM
D.13 Instructions Unique to Thumb
D.14 Instructions Unique to SuperH
D.15 Instructions Unique to M32R
D.16 Instructions Unique to MIPS16
D.17 Concluding Remarks
D.18 Acknowledgements
D.19 References
