本书系统介绍Java程序设计的基础知识、开发环境与开发工具。全书共分12章，内容包括Java语言的概述、Java语言的基本语法、程序流程控制语句、面向对象编程的基础、异常的概念和处理、多线程处理机制、集合框架、Java输入输出（I/O）处理、JDBC数据库编程、Java网络编程和Swing程序设计，最后介绍Java常用的类库和开发Java程序的实战项目。本书从初学者的角度出发，以丰富的实例、通俗易懂的语言，详细介绍Java开发中重点用到的多种技术，使读者快速掌握Java程序设计的方法。
Java是Sun公司推出的一种程序设计语言，拥有面向对象、跨平台、分布式、高性能、可移植等优点和特性，是目前广泛使用的编程语言之一。Java主要有Java SE（Java标准版本）、Java EE（Java企业版本）和Java ME（Java移动电子设备版本）三个版本。其中，Java SE是Java语言的标准版，包含Java基本语法、面向对象程序设计、多线程、数据集合、输入和输出、Swing程序设计、网络编程及数据库操作等。
本书通过通俗易懂的语言和实用生动的例子，系统地介绍了Java SE程序设计的基础知识、开发环境与开发工具，并且在每一章的后面都提供习题，方便读者检查学习效果，还提供了部分上机实验，使读者快速掌握Java SE程序的开发技能。
全书共分12章，具体内容如下：
第1章主要介绍Java技术的相关概念及如何开发Java程序，包括Java语言的概述、Java开发环境的搭建、开发工具Ecplise的使用。
第2章主要介绍Java语言的基础知识，包括数据类型、运算符、控制流程、数组和函数等。
第3章主要介绍面向对象编程的基础，包括Java语言中的类、对象、包、接口、类的继承、多态和封装等。
第4章介绍异常处理机制，包括异常类及分类、异常处理机制、自定义异常等。
第5章介绍线程技术，包括线程的创建、状态、调度、优先级和线程同步等。
第6章主要介绍Java程序设计中的集合类，包括List集合、Set集合、Map集合等。
第7章主要介绍Java的输入/输出功能，包括文件操作类、字节流、字符流和对象序列化等。
第8章主要介绍Java的数据库操作，包括JDBC概述、JDBC中常用的接口、连接数据库、操作数据库和应用JDBC事务。
第9章主要介绍Java的网络编程，通过聊天程序讲解网络编程的相关技术。
第10章主要介绍Java的图形用户界面编程，讲解Swing的编程技术和实现。
第11 章主要介绍Java 常用的类库，包括StringBuffer 类、Runtime 类、System 类、Math 类、Random 类等。
第12 章通过实战演练让读者了解和掌握Java 程序开发的过程。
本书资源可以登录机械工业出版社华章分社的网站（www.hzbook.com）下载，搜索到本书，然后在页面上的“资源下载”模块下载即可。
本书由唐山师范学院的张洪波、丁卫颖、郑铮老师共同编写完成，第1~3、7、8、10、11 章由张洪波编写，第4 ～ 6 章由丁卫颖编写，第9 章和第12 章由郑铮编写。同时，对参与文字录入及书中代码编写、调试工作的人员表示衷心的感谢！如果读者对本书有疑问或建议，可发送电子邮件至booksaga@126.com。
因为要熟练掌握Java 语言必须进行大量的上机练习，所以无论是否安排上机实验，读者都应该独立、认真地完成本书中的所有示例和实验。本书适合Java 初学者和计算机及相关专业的学生使用。
由于编写时间仓促和作者水平有限，书中错误和不妥之处敬请读者批评指正。
编 者
2018 年9 月
计算机\程序设计
前 言
第1章 开始Java之旅 ··································1
1.1 无处不在的Java ············································1
1.2 Java为何受大家喜爱 ············································2
1.3 Java的目标 ········································3
1.4 Java开发环境的搭建 ············································3
1.4.1 JDK的下载与安装 ···································3
1.4.2 Java开发环境配置 ···································5
1.5 Java程序运行的原理 ············································6
1.6 Java开发工具Eclipse ···········································6
1.6.1 Eclipse的安装与启动 ···········································6
1.6.2 Eclipse编写Java程序的流程·········································8
1.7 要点总结 ··········································12
1.8 练习题 ··············································12
第2章 Java语言基础 ·····················13
2.1 Java程序的基本组成 ··········································13
2.2 Java语言的数据类型 ··········································16
2.2.1 整数类型 ·················································16
2.2.2 浮点类型 ·················································17
2.2.3 字符类型 ·················································17
2.2.4 布尔类型 ·················································17
2.2.5 基本数据类型的默认值 ···········································17
2.2.6 类型转换 ·················································17
2.3 运算符和表达式 ··············································19
2.3.1 赋值运算符 ·············································19
2.3.2 算术运算符 ·············································19
2.3.3 位运算符 ·················································20
2.3.4 关系运算符 ·············································21
2.3.5 三元运算符 ·············································21
2.3.6 运算符优先级 ·········································22
2.4 流程控制语句 ··································22
2.4.1 选择语句 ·················································22
2.4.2 循环语句 ·················································27
2.5 数组与方法 ······································32
2.5.1 一维数组 ·················································32
2.5.2 二维数组 ·················································35
2.5.3 方法 ·····································37
2.6 要点总结 ··········································40
2.7 编程练习 ··········································40
第3 章 Java 面向对象编程 ········································· 41
3.1 理解面向对象 ··································41
3.1.1 基本概念 ·················································41
3.1.2 基本特性 ·················································42
3.2 类与对象 ··········································42
3.2.1 类定义 ·····················································42
3.2.2 对象的创建及使用 ··································45
3.2.3 this 和static 关键字 ····································48
3.2.4 内部类 ·····················································52
3.3 继承 ··················································53
3.3.1 继承的语法和规则 ··································53
3.3.2 重载和覆盖 ·············································55
3.3.3 super 关键字 ············································56
3.4 final 关键字 ······································57
3.4.1 final 变量 ·················································57
3.4.2 final 方法 ·················································57
3.4.3 final 类 ················································58
3.5 抽象类 ··············································58
3.6 接口 ··················································59
3.6.1 接口定义 ·················································59
3.6.2 实现接口 ·················································60
3.6.3 匿名内部类 ·············································61
3.7 包及访问控制权限 ··············································61
3.7.1 包的操作 ··················································62
3.7.2 访问权限修饰符 ······································62
3.8 对象的多态性 ··································63
3.9 Object 类 ··········································64
3.10 包装类 ············································66
3.10.1 基本数据类型转换为包装类 ···································67
3.10.2 字符串转换为包装类 ·········································67
3.10.3 包装类转换为基本数据类型 ···································67
3.10.4 字符串转换为基本数据类型 ···································68
3.10.5 自动装箱和自动拆箱 ···········································68
3.10.6 覆盖父类的方法 ···································69
3.11 String 类 ·········································69
3.11.1 String 对象的实例化和内容比较 ····································69
3.11.2 String 类中的常用方法 ·········································70
3.12 要点总结 ········································71
3.13 编程练习 ········································71
第4 章 Java 异常 ········································ 73
4.1 Java 中的异常类及分类 ······································73
4.2 Java 异常处理机制 ··············································75
4.2.1 捕获处理异常 ·········································76
4.2.2 声明抛出异常 ·········································80
4.3 自定义异常 ······································82
4.4 自定义异常的综合应用 ······································84
4.5 实例练习：异常的综合应用 ································87
4.6 要点总结 ··········································88
4.7 编程练习 ··········································88
第5 章 Java 线程 ········································ 90
5.1 多线程及线程简介 ··············································90
5.2 线程的创建 ······································91
5.3 线程的状态 ······································95
5.4 线程的调度 ······································95
5.5 线程的优先级 ··································96
5.6 守护线程 ··········································99
5.7 线程同步 ········································101
5.8 实例练习：线程综合应用 ·····································106
5.9 要点总结 ········································109
5.10 练习题 ··········································109
5.11 编程练习 ······································110
第6 章·····································111
Java 集合框架 ·············································111
6.1 常用集合接口 ··········································111
6.1.1 Collection 接口 ······································112
6.1.2 List 接口 ················································113
6.1.3 Set 接口 ·················································114
6.1.4 Map 接口 ···············································114
6.1.5 Map.Entry 接口 ·····································116
6.1.6 Iterator 接口 ···········································116
6.1.7 ListIterator 接口 ····································116
6.2 常用集合类 ····································117
6.2.1 ArrayList 类 ··········································118
6.2.2 LinkedList 类 ·········································121
6.2.3 HashSet 类 ·············································125
6.2.4 HashMap ················································127
6.3 实例练习：集合类的综合运用 ·······································131
6.4 要点总结 ········································132
6.5 练习题 ············································132
6.6 编程练习 ········································133
第7 章 Java IO ········································· 134
7.1 File 类 ·············································134
7.2 RandomAccessFile 类 ········································136
7.3 字节流与字符流 ················································137
7.3.1 字节流 ····················································138
7.3.2 字符流 ····················································139
7.3.3 字节流与字符流的区别 ···········································140
7.4 转换流 ············································141
7.5 打印流 ············································142
7.6 管道流 ············································143
7.7 BufferedReader 类和BufferedWriter 类 ··································144
7.8 数据操作流 ····································145
7.9 对象流 ············································147
7.10 Scanner 类 ····································148
7.11 要点总结 ······································148
7.12 编程练习 ······································149
第8 章 Java 数据库编程 ·········································· 150
8.1 JDBC 技术 ·····································150
8.1.1 JDBC 技术简介 ·····································150
8.1.2 JDBC 驱动程序 ·····································151
8.1.3 JDBC 和ODBC 与其他API 的比较 ····································152
8.2 结构化查询语言 ·············································152
8.2.1 SQL 简介 ···············································153
8.2.2 SELECT 语句 ········································153
8.2.3 更新记录 ···············································154
8.2.4 聚集函数 ···············································155
8.3 JDBC 基本操作 ·················································156
8.3.1 JDBC 操作步骤 ·····································156
8.3.2 JDBC-ODBC 连接数据库 ········································157
8.3.3 JDBC 直接连接数据库 ·············································163
8.3.4 JDBC 对数据库的更新操作 ·····································167
8.4 JDBC 高级操作 ·················································170
8.4.1 PreparedStatemen 接口 ·············································170
8.4.2 CallableStatement 接口 ·············································172
8.4.3 事务处理 ···············································173
8.5 要点总结 ········································173
8.6 练习题 ············································173
8.7 编程练习 ········································174
第9 章 Java 网络编程 ··································· 175
9.1 网络基础 ········································175
9.1.1 TCP/IP 网络模型 ··································175
9.1.2 IP 地址与InetAddress 类··········································176
9.1.3 套接字 ···················································176
9.2 UDP 协议网络程序 ···········································177
9.2.1 概述 ···································177
9.2.2 DatagramPacket 类 ·····································177
9.2.3 DatagramSocket 类 ·······································178
9.2.4 创建UDP 服务器端程序 ·········································179
9.2.5 创建UDP 客户端程序 ·············································180
9.3 TCP 协议网络程序············································181
9.3.1 概述 ···································181
9.3.2 Socket 类················································182
9.3.3 ServerSocket 类 ·····································183
9.3.4 创建TCP 服务器端程序 ··········································184
9.3.5 创建TCP 客户端程序 ··············································185
9.4 HTTP 协议网络程序 ·········································186
9.4.1 概述 ···································186
9.4.2 URL 类 ··················································186
9.4.3 URLConnection 类 ······································188
9.5 综合实例：实现简单的Web 服务器···································189
9.6 要点总结 ········································193
9.7 练习题 ············································193
9.8 编程练习 ········································194
第10 章 Java 图形用户界面 ········································· 195
10.1 AWT 与Swing 简介 ········································195
10.1.1 AWT 简介 ············································195
10.1.2 Swing 简介 ··········································196
10.1.3 容器简介 ·············································196
10.2 创建窗体 ······································197
10.3 标签组件：JLabel ···········································198
10.4 按钮组件：JButton ·········································202
10.5 JPanel 容器 ··································203
10.6 布局管理器 ··································204
10.6.1 FlowLayout ··········································204
10.6.2 BorderLayout ·······································205
10.6.3 GridLayout ···········································206
10.6.4 CardLayout ··········································207
10.7 文本组件：JTextComponent ································208
10.7.1 单行文本框：JTextField ·······································208
10.7.2 密码文本框：JPasswordField ·····································210
10.7.3 多行文本框：JTextArea ·········································211
10.8 事件处理 ······································212
10.8.1 事件和监听器 ·····································212
10.8.2 窗体事件 ·············································215
10.8.3 动作事件及监听处理 ·············································218
10.8.4 键盘事件及监听处理 ·············································219
10.8.5 鼠标事件及监听处理 ·············································221
10.8.6 焦点事件及监听处理 ·············································223
10.9 单选按钮组件：JRadioButton ···········································224
10.10 复选框组件：JCheckBox ······································227
10.11 列表框组件：JList ········································229
10.12 下拉列表框：JComboBox ·········································230
10.13 菜单组件：JMenu 与JMenuBar ······································232
10.14 文件选择框组件：JFileChooser ·······································233
10.15 要点总结 ····································236
10.16 练习题 ········································236
第11 章 Java 常用类库 ···································· 239
11.1 StringBuffer 类 ···········································239
11.2 Runtime 类 ···································242
11.3 System 类 ·····································244
11.4 Math 类 ········································244
11.5 Random 类 ···································245
11.6 要点总结 ······································245
11.7 练习题 ··········································245
第12 章 Java 项目开发 ······································· 248
12.1 软件开发过程 ··················································248
12.1.1 需求 ·····················································248
12.1.2 分析设计 ·············································249
12.1.3 实现和测试 ·········································249
12.2 项目实例：记事本工具的开发 ··········································249
12.2.1 需求分析设计 ·····································249
12.2.2 实现和测试 ·········································250
12.3 项目实例：网络通信工具的开发 ······································267
12.3.1 需求分析设计 ·····································267
12.3.2 实现和测试 ·········································268
12.4 项目实例：在线相册的开发 ······························272
12.4.1 需求分析设计 ·····································272
12.4.2 数据库设计 ·········································273
12.4.3 开发数据库JavaBean ·····································276
12.4.4 实现和测试 ········································290
12.5 要点总结 ······································308
12.6 编程练习 ······································308
