本书概括地介绍了计算机与信息技术的常见概念和术语、主要应用领域及其对社会的影响。本书由9章组成，主要内容包括：信息技术和因特网概述，因特网、万维网与电子商务，应用软件，系统软件，硬件系统部件，输入输出设备，二级存储，通信与网络，隐私、安全与伦理等。

WU

计算机科学及应用

本书原书自1989年以来每年都出一次新版，主要用作英语国家的计算机科学导论性课程教材。在我国曾经出版过本书的几个版本，并作为教材推荐给各高等学校使用，得到了用书学校师生的好评。本书是最新版，内容做了更新和补充，突出知识的先进性、系统性和教学的实践性，并提供更为丰富的习题和在线教学资源。
本书概括地介绍了计算机与信息技术的常见概念和术语、主要应用领域及其对社会的影响。本书由9章组成，主要内容包括：信息技术和因特网概述，因特网、万维网与电子商务，应用软件，系统软件，硬件系统部件，输入输出设备，二级存储，通信与网络，隐私、安全与伦理。
本书具有丰富的教学资源，包括教师指导手册、教学大纲、PPT和各类图表，章末还提供了关键术语、多种习题，以及包含2200多个问题、按难度等级分类的在线题库，供采用本书的老师使用。因此，本书既有助于读者了解和掌握计算机及信息技术的基础知识，又便于他们掌握相应的英文词汇，提高专业英语的阅读能力。
本书既可作为计算机、软件工程、信息管理及相关专业“计算机导论”双语课程的教材，也可作为相关专业“计算机专业英语”课程的教材。

作者简介
蒂莫西·J. 奥利里（Timothy J. O''Leary）和琳达·I. 奥利里（Linda I. O''Leary）生活在美国西南部，多年来从事信息技术教学和培训工作。Timothy J. O''Leary是亚利桑那州立大学荣休教授,具有三十多年的课堂教学经验，曾先后任教于斯塔克州立技术学院、罗彻斯特理工学院。Linda I. O''Leary是一位技术顾问和企业导师，曾在亚利桑那州立大学担任技术顾问，还曾为摩托罗拉、英特尔、霍尼韦尔、AT&T等IT大企业以及不同的社区学校开发过培训资料和课程。
丹尼尔·A. 奥利里（Daniel A. O''Leary）是Timothy J. O''Leary和Linda I. O''Leary的儿子，他已取得电子工程的博士学位，主要从事IT技术方面的教学和咨询工作，曾任教于加州大学圣克鲁兹分校和旧金山城市学院。

[美]蒂莫西 J. 奥利里（Timothy J. O''Leary） [美]琳达 I. 奥 ：无

1 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, THE INTERNET, AND YOU 2
Introduction 4
Information Systems 4
People 6
Software 7
System Software 7
Application Software 8
Making IT work for you: Free Antivirus Program 9
Hardware 10
Types of Computers 10
Cell Phones 11
Personal Computer Hardware 11
Data 13
Connectivity and the Mobile Internet 14
Careers in IT 15
A Look to the Future: Using and Understanding Information Technology 16
Visual Summary 17
Key Terms 20
Multiple Choice 21
Matching 22
Open-Ended 22
Discussion 23
2 THE INTERNET, THE WEB, AND ELECTRONIC COMMERCE 24
Introduction 26
The Internet and the Web 26
Making IT work for you: Online Entertainment 28
Internet Access 30
Providers 30
Browsers 30
Web Utilities 32
Filters 32
File Transfer Utilities 32
Internet Security Suites 33
Communication 34
Social Networking 34
Blogs, Microblogs, Podcasts, and Wikis 35
Messaging 36
E-mail 37
Search Tools 39
Search Engines 39
Content Evaluation 39
Electronic Commerce 40
Security 41
Cloud Computing 42
The Internet of Things 43
Careers in IT 44
A Look to the Future: Home Smart Home 45
Visual Summary 46
Key Terms 50
Multiple Choice 51
Matching 52
Open-Ended 52
Discussion 53
3 APPLICATION SOFTWARE 54
Introduction 56
Application Software 56
User Interface 56
Common Features 58
General-Purpose Applications 58
Word Processors 58
Spreadsheets 61
Presentation Software 63
Database Management Systems 64
Specialized Applications 65
Graphics Programs 65
Video Game Design Software 66
Web Authoring Programs 67
Other Specialized Applications 68
Mobile Apps 68
Apps 68
App Stores 69
Software Suites 70
Office Suites 70
Cloud Computing 70
Specialized and Utility Suites 70
Careers in IT 71
Making IT work for you: Cloud Office Suites 72
A Look to the Future: VR and AR Applications in the Workplace 74
Visual Summary 75
Key Terms 78
Multiple Choice 79
Matching 80
Open-Ended 80
Discussion 81
4 SYSTEM SOFTWARE 82
Introduction 84
System Software 84
Operating Systems 85
Functions 85
Features 86
Categories 87
Mobile Operating Systems 88
Desktop Operating Systems 89
Windows 89
macOS 89
UNIX and Linux 90
Virtualization 90
Utilities 91
Making IT work for you: Virtual Assistant 92
Operating System Utilities 94
Utility Suites 97
Careers in IT 97
A Look to the Future: Making Better Computers by Making Them More Human 98
Visual Summary 99
Key Terms 102
Multiple Choice 103
Matching 104
Open-Ended 104
Discussion 105
5 THE SYSTEM UNIT 106
Introduction 108
System Unit 108
Smartphones 108
Tablets 108
Laptops 109
Desktops 109
Making IT work for you: Gaming 110
Wearable Computers 112
Components 112
System Board 113
Microprocessor 114
Microprocessor Chips 115
Specialty Processors 115
Memory 116
RAM 116
ROM 116
Flash Memory 116
Expansion Cards and Slots 117
Bus Lines 118
Expansion Buses 118
Ports 119
Standard Ports 119
Specialized Ports 119
Cables 120
Power Supply 120
Electronic Data and Instructions 121
Numeric Representation 121
Character Encoding 122
Careers in IT 123
A Look to the Future: Brain–Computer Interfaces 124
Visual Summary 125
Key Terms 128
Multiple Choice 129
Matching 130
Open-Ended 130
Discussion 131
6 INPUT AND OUTPUT 132
Introduction 134
What Is Input? 134
Keyboard Entry 134
Keyboards 135
Pointing Devices 136
Touch Screen 136
Mouse 136
Game Controllers 136
Scanning Devices 137
Optical Scanners 137
Card Readers 138
Bar Code Readers 138
RFID Readers 138
Character and Mark Recognition Devices 139
Image Capturing Devices 139
Digital Cameras 139
Webcams 140
Audio-Input Devices 140
Voice Recognition Systems 140
What Is Output? 141
Monitors 141
Features 141
Flat-Panel Monitors 142
E-book Readers 142
Other Monitors 143
Printers 144
Features 144
Inkjet Printers 145
Laser Printers 145
3D Printers 145
Other Printers 145
Audio-Output Devices 146
Combination Input and Output Devices 146
Headsets 146
Multifunctional Devices 147
Virtual Reality Head-Mounted Displays and Controllers 147
Drones 147
Making IT work for you: Headphones 148
Robots 150
Ergonomics 150
Portable Computers 152
Careers in IT 152
A Look to the Future: The Internet of Things 153
Visual Summary 154
Key Terms 158
Multiple Choice 159
Matching 160
Open-Ended 160
Discussion 161
7 SECONDARY STORAGE 162
Introduction 164
Storage 164
Solid-State Storage 165
Solid-State Drives 165
Flash Memory Cards 166
USB Drives 166
Hard Disks 167
Internal Hard Disks 167
External Hard Disks 167
Network Drives 167
Performance Enhancements 168
Optical Discs 169
Cloud Storage 170
aking IT work for you: Cloud Storage 172
Mass Storage Devices 174
Enterprise Storage System 174
Storage Area Network 175
Careers in IT 175
A Look to the Future: Next-Generation Storage 176
Visual Summary 177
Key Terms 180
Multiple Choice 180
Matching 181
Open-Ended 182
Discussion 182
8 COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS 184
Introduction 186
Communications 186
Connectivity 186
The Wireless Revolution 187
Communication Systems 187
Communication Channels 188
Wireless Connections 188
Physical Connections 189
Connection Devices 190
Modems 190
Connection Service 190
Making IT work for you: The Mobile Office 192
Data Transmission 194
Bandwidth 194
Protocols 194
Networks 195
Terms 195
Network Types 197
Local Area Networks 197
Home Networks 197
Wireless LAN 198
Personal Area Network 198
Metropolitan Area Networks 198
Wide Area Networks 199
Network Architecture 199
Topologies 200
Strategies 201
Organizational Networks 201
Internet Technologies 201
Network Security 202
Careers in IT 203
A Look to the Future: Telepresence Lets You Be There without Actually Being There 204
Visual Summary 205
Key Terms 208
Multiple Choice 209
Matching 210
Open-Ended 210
Discussion 211
9 PRIVACY, SECURITY, AND ETHICS 212
Introduction 214
People 214
Privacy 214
Big Data 215
Private Networks 217
The Internet and the Web 217
Online Identity 220
Major Laws on Privacy 221
Security 221
Cybercrime 221
Social Engineering 223
Malicious Software 223
Malicious Hardware 223
Measures to Protect Computer Security 224
Making IT work for you: Security and Technology 229
Ethics 230
Cyberbullying 230
Copyright and Digital Rights Management 230
Plagiarism 231
Careers in IT 232
A Look to the Future: End of Anonymity 233
Visual Summary 234
Key Terms 237
Multiple Choice 238
Matching 239
Open-Ended 239
Discussion 240
The Evolution of the Computer Age 243
Glossary 254