本书是面向对象领域的经典名著之一全面、详细、准确地阐述了面向对象方法，书中广泛涉及了中间件、组件、Java和UML等诸多方面反映了当前最新的技术和方法。全书包括面向对象的基本概念面向对象程序设计和方法，面向对象和基于对象的程序设计语言，分布式计算、中间件和迁移，数据库技术面向对象分析与设计，体系结构，模式和组件需求工程过程和项目管理等主要内容。各章附有练习，答案可以在TriReme公司的网站上找到。
　　本书适合作为大学本科生和研究生面向对象技术课程的教材或参考书也适合作为软件专业人员、研究人员的技术参考手册。
　　本书的目标
　　全面讨论对象技术的方方面面
　　主要从概念建模人员的角度，重点探讨在商业环境中使用面向对象技术的实际问题
　　阐述了将面向对象、人工智能和数据建模结合起来（而不是各自分开）处理IT申的主要问题的观点
　　介绍面向对象的语言、中间件、数据库及方法的评估，同时将它们分别与传统技术联系起来，首次简练地
　　解释功能强大的基于组件开发的Catalysis方法
　　在乐观地评价实际应用的对象技术的同时，试图打破一些有关对象技术的神话
　　以足够的深度向学生和专业人员提供充分的参考资料，引导他们进入面向对象开发领域

Ian Graham是对象技术先驱之一，国际公认的对象技术和业务过程建模方面的专家。他有着超过20年的IT实践和咨询经验，是TriReme国际有限公司的首席咨询师，也是SOMA方法的开发者。Ian是13本书籍的作者，同时还是一些杂志的长期撰稿人。

He threw down his book stretched his legs towards the embers in the grate, and clasped his hands at the back of his head in that agreeable afterglow of excitement when thought lapses from examination of a specific object into a suffusive sense of its connexions with all the rest of our existence.
　　　　　　　　　　　 ----George Eliot (Middlemarch)
　　When the first edition of this book appeared in l99l, there was a great deal of excitement and interest in object-oriented techniques in the IT industry and in academia, with public seminars held almost weekly. New journals and regular conferences were being established, and the membership of special interest groups was growing rapidly. By the time the second edition came out interest had peaked and many commercial organizations had already had their first experiences of the technology for better or worse. Still the fuss continues and, while the languages have stabilized a little, the furore over methods and life--cycle issues has, if anything intensified even further -- even though the emergence of the Unified Modelling Language (UML) has largely settled disputes over notation. Current concem now focuses on cross-enterprise application integration and componentbased development. Since the second edition appeared the field of object technology (OT) has, perhaps, trebled in its size and scope: published work and topics covered.
　　It was a daunting prospect to begin to expand this volume, whose original aim had been to provide a comprehensive survey, without making the book excessively large.On the other hand the character of many of the new deveIopments has been that of variations on themes that were around in l994: the popularity of Jim Coplien's C++ idioms was the first inkling of the huge explosion of interest in design pattems; early object request brokers based on the Object Management Group (OMG) architecture model have matured and been put into production; new, better object-oriented
programming languages have emerged; object-oriented databases are now in everyday commercial use -- though still on a limited scale. Beside all this there has been a complete shake-out in the area of analysis and design methods. Plus ca change, plus c'est la meme chose. The result has had to be a very substantial rewrite.
　　This book is essentially a survey of the whole area of object technology. It covers object-oriented programming, object-oriented design, object-oriented analysis,object-oriented databases and concerns several related technologies. There is a number of good books on object technology covering specific languages and methods. More general coverage is provided in these books only incidentally. They give a high level overview of the philosophy and benefits of object-orientation in general but trouble the reader with a great deal of material specifically about programming and are dependent on the syntax of particular languages. At the other extreme there are now some very good 'management surveys' available, but these are not generally of sufficient technical depth fOr practihoners or students. The reader seeking a reasonably detailed understanding of those aspects of Obectorientation not related to programming has to tum to the research litCratUre,conference proceedings, massive monographs or collections of highly technical papers. If such a reader wants to gain a general understanding of the whole field rapidly or evaluate the future r5le of object technology, there are few coherent and comprehensive sources. My aims are therefore to address a gap in the literature in the fOllowing ways. Providing a single source, comprehensive, language-independent introduction covering all aspects of object technology from the perspectives of both the developer and management.Placing much more emphasis on the viewpoint of the conceptual modeller,compared to that of the programmer or designer; and upon the practicalissues surrounding the use of object-oriented techniques in commercial environments. Propagating the view that object-orientation, edificial intelligence and data modelling together (rather than separately) are required to address the central issues of IT. Providing an introduction to and evaluation of object-oriented languages,middleware, databases and methods; and relating them each to convenhonal technology. In particular, providing the first concise explanation of the powerful CatalysisTM" method for component-based development (D'Souza
and Wills, l999).
　　Attempting to explode some of the myths surrounding object technology while retaining a genuinely optimistic evaluation of its practical use.Supplying sufficient depth and reference material to guide students and practitioners entering the field.The further objective of this book, which it shares with both previous editions, is to state in a clear manner the answers to the following questions.
　　What are object-oriented methods
　　What are the benefits, pitfalls and likely costs
　　What languages, methods and tools are available, and how may they be evaluated
　　What has to be done to get started with adoption
　　What is the role of object-oriented analysis and design methods
　　How does one capture requirements for OO systems
　　How can object-orientation be managed
　　What special skills are required
　　What are the links to other areas of Information Technology (IT)
　　What are suitable applications
　　Incidentally to the above aims the book exposes some of my own original work on object-oriented conceptUal modelling using the idea of rulesets, requirements engineering and development process -- collectively refermd to as SOMA (Semantic Object Modelling APproach). I have interwoven SOMA with Catalysis and used the UML notation throughout the chaPters on method. In reading this material the reader should be aware of the distinctive feature of my approach, which interprets obect modelling as a general form of knowledge rePresentation, rather than just a way to describe computCr programs.
　　This edition is a very substantial revision and extension of the Second Edihon,reflecting major changes in the field since the first two editions. The rapid acceptance of object technology since I wrote the first edition has astounded me along with even the most fervent propagandists for it. The rapid changes in the technology which have occurred during the past three years or so are less surprising.
　　Not only have the products changed and the number of methods grown, but the conclusions that a practitioner or, indeed, a careful observer can draw are quite different from what they were in l99l or l994. One of the most significant changes has been the acceptance, by the industry at large, of the OMG and their publication of various standards for object technology. On the other hand there is much that has not changed. Thus, while the objective of the book remains the same, the means of achieving it must be substantially different. This edition brings all the definitional material up to date and into conformity with newly emerging standards. It modemizes the descriptions of products and methods available and draws new conclusions based on the new facts.
　　The major changes are as follows. Chapter l has been modified slightly to reflect greater clarity and standardization of terminology than was present in the industry when the book was first written. It has benefited from what I hoPe are better, more mature Pedagogical techniques that I have developed in the course of lecturing about and teaching the subject tO many people. 'A new Chapter 4 on middleware and migration strategies has been included, with more material on OMG standards. The material on object-oriented databases in ChaPter 5 has been completely updated to reflect new and increasingly mature Products in this area. The biggest change is to the material on object-oriented analysis and design and their management. The survey of the 50 or more methods that were around six years ago has been relegated to an aPpendix, which will be of chiefly historical interest. The book now uses UML throughout and ChaPters 6 and 7 describe best practice for object-oriented analysis and design, based mainly on the insights of Catalysis and
SOMA. A new appendix summarizes the UML notation. Chapter 7 is new and covers software architecture, patterns and component-based development. Chapter 8 describes the SOMA approach to requirements engineering in detail. Chapter 9, on management, is substantially reorganized for greater clarity of exposition and to give a far more definite prescription of the recommended development process. It now includes guidance on user interface design. All other chapters and Appendix A have undergone slight revision and improvement to reflect new developments in the field and correct any errors which remained in the Second Edition and which I was aware of.
　　I have added exercises at the end of most chapters to assist the substantial number of educational users of whom I became gradually aware over recent years.Selected answers can be found on the TriReme web site; where I know the answers, that is. The Bibliography is substantially expanded, to reflect the general growth in the volume of the literature as well as the new material in this edition, and the Glossary has been updated and improved.Despite these drastic changes the essential purpose of the book remains unchanged and I hope it is mereiy a more compPrehensive, detailed, up-to-date and accurate survey of object-oriented methods than it would have been without the alterations.

(英)Ian Graham：暂无简介

1. Basic concepts.
2. The benefits of object-oriented programming and methods.
3. Object-oriented and object-based programming languages.
4. Distributed computing, middleware and migration.
5. Database technology.
6. Object-oriented analysis and design.
7. Architecture, patterns and components.
8. Requirements engineering.
9. Process and project management.
10. Applications.