本书体例、体裁依据市场上最受读者认可的“从入门到精通”进行编写，结合尼康热门机型，从相机设置、基本操作、拍摄技法，到各种主题拍摄 、后期处理等方面，由浅入深、循序渐进地介绍了摄影知识和创作理念，以及丰富、有效的实拍技法，告诉读者如何实现拍摄意图，建立属于自己的独特风格。本书内容详尽实用，图片华丽精美，讲解深入浅出，非常适合使用初学摄影的读者。阅读完本书再拿起您的相机进行实践，感觉将会大不一样。理论和实践的结合，就是拍出好照片的开始！

本书面向为数众多的尼康数码单反相机用户，内容由易到难，语言简洁流畅。全书介绍了尼康相机的技术特色、各种摄影技术（包括对焦、光圈、快门、 ISO感光度、曝光、测光、色温与白平衡等），尼康相机专家级的菜单设定、镜头知识、摄影理念（构图、光影、色彩）、摄影实拍（风光、人像及其他主题）以及摄影后期处理等知识，内容非常全面。
　　本书附赠的尼康全高清 DVD多媒体视频课程，详细介绍了相机的组装、菜单基本设定、白平衡设定、相关的优化和校准及高清视频的拍摄，并附送《摄影构图手册》和《摄影用光手册》电子书，方便读者随时学习和上手实战。
　　本书适合尼康数码单反相机入门级和中级用户参考使用，不仅能够让用户感受到尼康数码单反相机超强的性能，还能在学习使用尼康数码单反相机的过程中享受拍摄的乐趣。

本书是专门为刚使用尼康数码单反相机进行摄影，特别希望快速提高摄影水平的初中级摄影爱好者精心编写的一部教学指导手册。以全新的知识体系，循序渐进地讲解学习摄影必须掌握的各种基础知识和实拍技巧，让你轻松完成从入门到精通的摄影学习历程，体验从新手到高手的顺利晋级。
　　●摄影入门篇——带你快速直观地了解你手中的尼康数码单反相机，学习基本的操作和相机设置，解答初学摄影最关心的问题，引领你真正地认识自己的相机，从而轻松踏入摄影的大门。
　　●摄影基础篇——详解有关尼康数码单反相机菜单的专家级设定以及高清摄像功能的应用，帮助读者更方便地应用尼康数码单反相机进行摄影创作。
　　●摄影进阶篇——全面讲解对焦、曝光、光圈控制、快门活用、ISO设置及白平衡运用等摄影技法核心内容，帮助你扫清技术障碍，掌握实用的拍摄方法和技巧，提升摄影水平；讲解摄影方面的美学知识（包括构图、用光、色彩运用等重要内容），让你开始拍出和别人不一样的照片，进入摄影达人行列。
　　●摄影配件篇——介绍了适用于尼康数码单反相机的常用镜头和光学滤镜，告诉你如何应用这些配件深入挖掘尼康数码单反相机的拍摄潜能。
　　●　摄影实拍篇——精讲各种场景主题拍摄的必备要领，包括拍摄风光、人像、静物及动植物等最常见的摄影主题，帮助你在实践中快速提升摄影水平。
　　●　摄影后期篇——为你解读后期处理方面的知识及技巧，让你拍出的作品通过后期再创作变得更加完美。
　　另外，本书在编写时，依托利用尼康数码单反相机拍摄出的丰富照片进行图文并茂的讲解，还为每张图附上详细拍摄参数，使读者更加直观、清楚地了解拍摄背后的数据。此外，书中还有一些提示，将上百个拍摄技巧融入其中，帮助读者更加完整细致地解读实际拍摄中需要掌握的技巧。我们力求用最通俗易懂的语言来描述相机中的各种专业术语和知识，使初、中级水平的读者能够轻松阅读并深入理解。
　　由于作者水平有限，在编写本书的过程中难免会存在疏漏之处，恳请广大读者批评指正。
作者
2013年4月

摄影

罗斯基 编著：暂无简介

前言
摄影入门篇
第1章　尼康用户摄影入门指南 ·· 022
1.1 画幅形式及尼康主流单反相机的画幅 ······················024
1.1.1 画幅的含义 ····························024
1.1.2 大画幅、中画幅、全画幅与APS画幅 ··········024
1.1.3 FX画幅与DX画幅全方位对比——成像视角的差异 ······················027
1.1.4 FX画幅与DX画幅全方位对比——成像质量及高感的差异 ·············028
1.1.5 FX画幅与DX画幅全方位对比——景深效果的差异 ···················028
1.1.6 尼康数码单反系列的画幅形式 ····029
1.2 摄影基本概念解析 ············029
1.2.1 全手动操作 ····························029
1.2.2 反光镜 ··································030
1.2.3 处理器——尼康相机处理器演变 ··030
1.2.4 像素与有效像素 ······················031
1.2.5 图像尺寸与像素 ······················031
1.2.6 图像尺寸与分辨率 ···················032
1.2.7 高清与全高清 ·························032
1.2.8 五棱镜单镜反光取景器 ·············033
1.2.9 取景器视野率 ·························034
1.3 尼康数码单反相机的特点 ···035
1.3.1 对焦性能出色 ·························035
1.3.2 点测联动比较普及 ···················036
1.3.3 画质锐利 ·······························036
1.3.4 出众的高感性能 ······················037
1.4 尼康数码单反的分类 ·········038
1.4.1 入门级 ··································038
1.4.2 进阶型 ··································039
1.4.3 专业级 ··································040
1.4.4 高档机型 ·······························041
1.5 数码单反摄影原理 ············042
1.5.1 数码单反内部结构示意图 ··········042
1.5.2 数码单反相机取景时的光线流程 · 042
1.5.3 数码单反相机拍摄时的光线流程 ··043
第2章　尼康数码单反相机外观构成及功能详解 ······· 044
2.1 尼康专业机型外观构成 ······046
2.1.1 正面结构 ·······························046
2.1.2 顶部结构 ·······························047
2.1.3 背面结构 ·······························048
2.1.4 左侧面结构 ····························049
2.1.5 右侧面结构 ····························049
2.1.6 底部结构 ·······························050
2.1.7 控制面板 ·······························050
2.1.8 光学取景器 ····························051
2.2 尼康入门机型外观构成 ······052
2.2.1 正面功能图解 ·························052
2.2.2 背面功能图解 ·························053
2.2.3 顶面功能图解 ·························054
2.2.4 底面功能图解 ·························055
2.2.5 左侧面功能图解 ······················055
2.2.6 右侧面功能图解 ······················056
2.2.7 端子口功能图解 ······················056
2.2.8 取景器画面图解 ·····················057
2.2.9 信息显示图解 ·························057
摄影基础篇
第3章　第一次使用尼康数码单反相机··················060
3.1 组装好你的数码单反相机 ···062
3.1.1 安装相机背带 ·························062
3.1.2 认识镜头卡口并安装镜头 ··········062
3.1.3 电池充电及安装 ······················063
3.1.4 安装存储卡 ····························064
3.2 初步设定你的数码单反相机 ················065
3.2.1 设置日期及时间 ······················065
3.2.2 设置语言 ·······························066
3.2.3 设置图像品质及图像尺寸 ··········067
3.3 拍摄第一张照片 ················067
3.3.1 屈光度调整 ····························067
3.3.2 正确的拍照姿势 ······················068
3.3.3 按下快门完成拍摄 ···················069
第4章 尼康相机拍摄模式从入门到精通·····················070
4.1 新手这样拍摄漂亮照片 ······072
4.1.1 AUTO全自动模式 ····················072
4.1.2 闪光灯关闭模式 ······················073
4.1.3 SCENE模式——包含19种典型场景 ····················073
4.2 高手使用的拍摄模式 ·········084
4.2.1 P（程序自动）拍摄模式——方便、准确 ······················084
4.2.2 A（光圈优先）拍摄模式——适合拍摄绝大部分题材 ·············085
4.2.3 S（快门优先）拍摄模式——用于营造画面的动静效果 ··········085
4.2.4 M（手动）拍摄模式——全手动操作拍摄 ······················086
4.3 释放模式——进行特殊拍摄 ····················087
4.4 U1和U2——拍摄模式的个性化设定 ·······················088
第5章 尼康相机菜单的专家级设定························090
5.1 拍摄菜单——拍摄前对相机进行的设定 ······················092
5.1.1 删除 ·····································092
5.1.2 播放文件夹 ····························092
5.1.3 隐藏图像 ·······························093
5.1.4 播放显示选项 ·························093
5.1.5 复制图像 ·······························094
5.1.6 图像查看 ·······························094
5.1.7 删除之后 ·······························095
5.1.8 旋转至竖直方向 ······················095
5.1.9 幻灯播放 ·······························095
5.1.10 DPOF打印指令 ······················096
5.2 拍摄菜单 ·························096
5.2.1 重设拍摄菜单 ·························096
5.2.2 存储文件夹 ····························096
5.2.3 文件命名 ·······························097
5.2.4 插槽2中存储卡的作用 ··············097
5.2.5 图像品质 ·······························098
5.2.6 图像尺寸 ·······························098
5.2.7 图像区域 ·······························098
5.2.8 JPEG压缩 ······························098
5.2.9 NEF RAW 记录 ·······················099
5.2.10 白平衡 ································099
5.2.11 设定优化校准 ·······················100
5.2.12 管理优化校准 ·······················101
5.2.13 自动失真控制 ·······················101
5.2.14 色空间 ································102
5.2.15 动态D-Lihgting ······················102
5.2.16 HDR（高动态范围） ··············102
5.2.17 暗角控制 ·····························103
5.2.18 长时间曝光降噪 ····················103
5.2.19 高ISO降噪 ···························103
5.2.20 ISO感光度设定 ·····················103
5.2.21 多重曝光 ·····························104
5.2.22 间隔拍摄 ·····························104
5.3 自定义设定菜单 ················105
5.3.1 a1 AF-C优先选择 ·····················105
5.3.2 a2 AF-S优先选择 ·····················105
5.3.3 a3 锁定跟踪对焦 ·····················105
5.3.4 a4 AF点点亮 ···························106
5.3.5 a5 对焦点循环方式 ··················106
5.3.6 a6 对焦点数量 ························106
5.3.7 a7 内置AF辅助照明器 ··············106
5.3.8 b1 ISO感光度步长值 ················107
5.3.9 b2曝光控制EV步长 ··················107
5.3.10 b3简易曝光补偿 ····················107
5.3.11 b4 中央重点区域 ····················107
5.3.12 b5 微调优化曝光 ···················108
5.3.13 c1 快门释放按钮AE-L ·············108
5.3.14 c2 待机定时器 ·······················109
5.3.15 c3自拍 ··························109
5.3.16 c4 显示屏关闭延迟 ·················109
5.3.17 c5 遥控持续时间 ····················110
5.3.18 d1 蜂鸣音 ·····························110
5.3.19 d2 取景器网格显示 ·················110
5.3.20 d3 ISO显示和调整 ··················110
5.3.21 d4 屏幕提示 ··························111
5.3.22 d5 CL 模式拍摄速度 ···············111
5.3.23 d6 最多连拍张数 ····················111
5.3.24 d7 文件编号次序 ····················112
5.3.25 d8 信息显示 ··························112
5.3.26 d9 LCD照明 ··························112
5.3.27 d10 曝光延迟模式 ··················112
5.3.28 d11 闪光灯警告 ·····················113
5.3.29 d12 MB-D14电池类型 ·············113
5.3.30 d13 电池顺序 ························113
5.3.31 e1 闪光同步速度 ····················113
5.3.32 e2 闪光快门速度 ····················114
5.3.33 e3 内置闪光灯闪光控制 ···········114
5.3.34 e4 闪光曝光补偿 ····················114
5.3.35 e5 模拟闪光 ··························115
5.3.36 e6 自动包围设定 ····················115
5.3.37 e7 包围曝光顺序 ····················115
5.3.38 f1 OK按钮（拍摄模式） ··········115
5.3.39 f2 指定Fn按钮 ·······················116
5.3.40 f3 指定预览按钮 ····················117
5.3.41 f4 指定AE-L /AF-L按钮 ···········117
5.3.42 f5 自定义指令拨盘 ·················117
5.3.43 f6 释放按钮以使用拨盘 ···········118
5.3.44 f7 空插槽时快门释放锁定 ········118
5.3.45 f8 反转指示器 ·······················118
5.3.46 f9 指定MB-D14按钮 ···············119
5.3.47 g1 指定Fn 按钮 ······················119
5.3.48 g2 指定预览按钮 ····················119
5.3.49 g3 指定AE-L/AF-L 按钮 ···········119
5.3.50 g4 指定快门释放按钮 ··············120
5.4 设定菜单 ························120
5.4.1 格式化存储卡 ·························120
5.4.2 保存用户设定 ·························120
5.4.3 重设用户设定 ·························121
5.4.4 显示屏亮度 ····························121
5.4.5 清洁图像传感器 ······················121
5.4.6 向上锁定反光板以便清洁 ··········122
5.4.7 HDMI ···································122
5.4.8 闪烁消减 ·······························122
5.4.9 时区和日期 ····························122
5.4.10 语言（Language） ·················123
5.4.11 图像注释 ·····························123
5.4.12 自动旋转图像 ·······················123
5.4.13 电池信息 ·····························124
5.4.14 版权信息 ·····························124
5.4.15 保存/载入设定 ······················125
5.4.16 GPS ····································125
5.4.17 虚拟水平 ·····························125
5.4.18 非CPU镜头数据 ····················125
5.4.19 AF微调 ································126
5.4.20 固件版本 ·····························126
5.5 润饰菜单 ························127
5.5.1 D-Lighting ·····························127
5.5.2 红眼修正 ·······························127
5.5.3 裁切 ·····································128
5.5.4 单色 ·····································128
5.5.5 滤镜效果 ·······························128
5.5.6 色彩平衡 ·······························129
5.5.7 图像合成 ·······························129
5.5.8 NEF（RAW）处理 ··················129
5.5.9 调整尺寸 ·······························130
5.5.10 快速润饰 ·····························130
5.5.11 矫正 ···································130
5.5.12 失真控制 ·····························130
5.5.13 鱼眼 ···································131
5.5.14 色彩轮廓 ·····························131
5.5.15 彩色素描 ·····························131
5.5.16 透视控制 ·····························132
5.5.17 模型效果 ·····························132
5.5.18 可选颜色 ·····························133
摄影进阶篇
第6章 对焦技术与对焦系统——照片清晰度的保证 ······· 136
6.1 对焦与焦距的关系 ··············· 138
6.2 手动对焦与自动对焦 ············ 139
6.2.1 选择自动对焦的时机 ····················139
6.2.2 选择手动对焦的时机 ····················140
6.3 认识尼康主流数码单反相机的对焦系统 ··················· 141
6.3.1 尼康相机AF自动对焦的3种模式 ·····142
6.3.2 AF-S单次伺服自动对焦 ················142
6.3.3 AF-C连续伺服自动对焦 ················143
6.3.4 AF-A自动选择（相机默认设定） ····144
6.3.5 尼康相机AF区域模式的设定及实拍 ··145
6.4 创意性对焦实现与众不同的画面效果 ······················· 148
6.4.1 应用最广泛的对焦技巧——锁定对焦 ··············· 148
6.4.2 让动静颠倒——追踪对焦 ······· 148
6.4.3 实现爆炸性效果——曝光中途变焦 ···················· 149
6.5 实拍中不同题材对焦位置的选择规律 ······················· 150
6.5.1 人物特写及环境人像 ············· 150
6.5.2 花卉类摄影 ························· 152
6.5.3 风光类摄影 ························· 154
第7章 曝光与测光——照片明暗的控制···············156
7.1 理解曝光 ························158
7.1.1 曝光三角——光圈 快门和感光度 ··············158
7.1.2 -5~+5EV曝光补偿 ···················159
7.1.3 利用锁定曝光拍摄完美照片 ·······159
7.2 光圈 ······························160
7.2.1 曝光三角之光圈 ······················160
7.2.2 认识光圈与景深 ······················161
7.2.3 景深（画面虚实）的三要素 ·······162
7.2.4 实拍中不同题材的光圈值设定 ····164
7.3 快门 ······························166
7.3.1 曝光三角之快门 ······················166
7.3.2 认识快门——动静的选择 ··········167
7.3.3 利用B门拍摄流动的星轨 ···········168
7.3.4 安全快门 ·······················169
7.3.5 实拍中不同题材的快门值设定 ····170
7.4 ISO感光度 ······················172
7.4.1 CCD与CMOS ·························172
7.4.2 ISO感光度介绍 ·······················173
7.4.3 ISO感光度分类 ·······················173
7.4.4 噪点是怎样产生的——ISO感光度与画质关系 ··················174
7.4.5 实拍中不同题材的ISO感光度值设定 ··················175
7.5 测光与曝光技术运用 ·······177
7.5.1 测光原理与白加黑减 ················177
7.5.2 尼康的3种测光方式及拍摄 ········178
7.5.3 曝光必杀技之“包围曝光” ·······182
7.5.4 HDR拍摄高反差场景 ···············183
7.5.5 曝光必杀技之“观察直方图” ····184
第8章 白平衡控制——照片色彩的呈现···············188
8.1 掌握白平衡与色温的原理 ··190
8.2 尼康相机白平衡与实拍现场色温的对应关系 ··············191
8.2.1 实拍中不同光线条件下的相机白平衡应用 ·············193
8.2.2 进行手动预设白平衡 ················195
第9章 让照片更好看——构图·光影·色彩 ·········196
9.1 摄影美学的3个重要定义 ···198
9.1.1 透视决定画面深度 ···················198
9.1.2 丰富的影调层次让画面更美 ·······199
9.1.3 强烈的质感让画面更具视觉冲击力 ············199
9.2 构图决定一切 ·················200
9.2.1 构图元素的安排 ······················200
9.2.2 构图的点、线、面 ···················201
9.2.3 黄金构图及其应用 ···················202
9.2.4 三分法构图 ····························204
9.2.5 对比构图法则 ·························205
9.2.6 构图平衡法则 ·························207
9.2.7 构图是一种减法 ······················209
9.2.8 常见的空间几何构图形式 ··········210
9.3 光影——摄影作品的灵魂···213
9.3.1 直射光和散射光 ······················213
9.3.2 光线的方向 ····················215
9.4 色彩——摄影作品的情感诉求 ·············217
9.4.1 色彩三要素——色相、明度和饱和度 ···············218
9.4.2 照片画面的冷暖配色 ················219
9.4.3 照片画面的互补配色 ················220
9.4.4 照片画面的相邻配色 ···············221
9.4.5 不同色系照片画面的特点 ··········221
摄影配件篇
第10章 闪光灯应用技术 ········228
10.1 闪光灯的作用 ················230
10.1.1 为主体人物正面补光 ············ 2230
10.1.2 获得较快的快门速度让画面更清晰 ···230
10.2 闪光灯的种类 ···············231
10.2.1 内置闪光灯 ··························231
10.2.2 外接闪光灯 ··························232
10.3 闪光灯工作原理与参数 ···233
10.3.1 前帘闪光与后帘闪光 ··············233
10.3.2 前帘同步与后帘同步的画面效果 ···233
10.3.3 闪光强度与范围 ····················234
10.3.4 尼康的i-TTL ·························235
10.4 闪光灯的使用技巧 ··········235
10.4.1 避免红眼现象 ·······················235
10.4.2 利用慢门同步拍摄夜景人像 ·····236
10.4.3 使用闪光曝光补偿 ·················237
第11章 镜头基础与尼康镜头选配·················238
11.1 定焦与变焦镜头 ·············240
11.2 不同焦段镜头的特点实拍技巧 ·····················241
11.2.1 广角镜头的特点及实拍技巧 ·····241
11.2.2 标准镜头的特点及实拍技巧 ·····242
11.2.3 长焦镜头的特点及实拍技巧 ·····243
11.3 大三元：超牛画质的高档镜头 ···············244
11.3.1 拍摄风光的利器：AF-S NIKKOR14-24mm f/2.8G ED ················244
11.3.2 尼康最经典的标准变焦镜头：AF-SNIKKOR 24-70mm f/2.8G ·········245
11.3.3 人像、风光兼得：AF-S NIKKOR70-200mm f/2.8G ED VR II ·······246
11.4 理智之选：涵盖全焦段的高性价比镜头 ························ 247
11.4.1 用金广角拍摄风光和纪实题材：AF-S NIKKOR17-35mm f/2.8D IF-ED·········· 247
11.4.2 高性价比镜头：AF-S DX 17-55mm f/2.8G IF-ED ····················· 248
11.4.3 高性价比的标准变焦镜头：AF-S NIKKOR 24-85mm f/3.5-4.5G ED VR ·········· 249
11.4.4 小竹炮的替代品：AF-S NIKKOR 70-200mm f/4G ED VR ············· 250
11.4.5 高性价比的小钢炮：AF Zoom-NIKKOR 80-200mm f/2.8D ED ········ 251
11.5 尼克尔超牛的定焦镜头 ································ 252
11.5.1 人像与风光兼得：AF-S NIKKOR 35mm f/1.4G ························· 252
11.5.2 最为标准的定焦镜头：AF-S NIKKOR 50mm f/1.4 G ·················· 253
11.5.3 与D600搭配的最佳人像镜头：AF-S NIKKOR 85mm f/1.4G ··········· 254
11.5.4 微距镜头：AF-S VR 105mm f/2.8G IF-ED ······················· 255
11.5.5 尼康全画幅经典人像镜头：AF DC 135mm f/2D ·················· 256
11.6 平民级定焦镜头 ·················· 257
11.6.1 尼康AF-S 50mm f/1.8G ·························· 257
11.6.2 尼康AF-S 85mm f/1.8G ························ 258
11.7 三支经典的高性价比镜头 ·················· 259
11.7.1 AF-S NIKKOR 24-120mm f/4G ED VR ····················· 259
11.7.2 一镜走天下（FX画幅）：AF-S NIKKOR 28-300mm f/3.5-5.6G ED VR ·········· 260
11.7.3 一镜走天下（DX画幅）：AF-S DX NIKKOR 18-200mm f/3.5-5.6G ED VR II ········· 261
第12章 尼康用户摄影的必备附件···················262
12.1 为相机选购合适的附件 ···264
12.1.1 选购一片挂机用的UV滤镜 ·······264
12.1.2 偏振镜——风光摄影必备附件 ··264
12.1.3 渐变滤镜——风光摄影必备附件 ·······················265
12.1.4 快门线——长时间曝光必备附件 ···················266
12.1.5 三脚架的特点及选购 ··············267
12.1.6 摄影包的分类及选购 ··············269
12.2 镜头与机身的维护与清洗 ·····························271
12.2.1 维护篇——筑好相机保护的防线 ··············271
12.2.2 清洁篇——打好消灭灰尘的反击战 ·············271
摄影实拍篇
第13章 风光摄影实拍技法 ·····274
13.1 拍摄自然风光的通用法则 ···276
13.1.1 使用小光圈或广角镜头拍摄较大的景深 ··········276
13.1.2 使用附件获得更美的效果 ········276
13.1.3 寻找合适的对焦点 ·················277
13.1.4 寻找合适的景物作为前景与背景 ···············278
13.1.5 运用天空的表现力 ·················279
13.1.6 运用线条的力量 ····················279
13.1.7 使用小技巧让照片生动起来 ·····280
13.1.8 利用天气让画面与众不同 ········280
13.1.9 在黄金时间里拍摄 ·················281
13.1.10 地平线要平 ·························282
13.1.11 多改变观察和拍摄的角度 ·······283
13.2 怎样拍摄美丽的山川景色 ··284
13.2.1 拍山的最佳时间与必备器材 ·····284
13.2.2 运用线条增加画面的空间感 ·····285
13.2.3 前景奇石的质感 ····················285
13.2.4 山间云海的魅力 ····················286
13.3 林木与枝叶的色彩和造型 ··········287
13.3.1 怎样拍摄森林 ·······················287
13.3.2 拍摄森林时一定要抓住兴趣中心 ··············288
13.3.3 森林中的小品 ·······················289
13.3.4 枝叶的形态与纹理 ·················289
13.4 表现出水的百变形态 ······290
13.4.1 怎样拍摄优美的水面倒影 ········290
13.4.2 拍摄丝质的水流 ····················291
13.4.3 海景的构图与色彩 ·················292
13.4.4 拍摄海上日出日落 ·················292
13.4.5 海浪的魅力所在 ····················293
13.5 拍摄太阳、日出与日落 ··295
13.5.1 保护好眼睛与相机 ·················295
13.5.2 拍摄日出日落的黄金时间 ········295
13.5.3 怎样让日出日落的色彩更美 ·····297
13.5.4 拍摄清晰的太阳轮廓 ··············298
13.6 夜景摄影 ····················2300
13.6.1 机位高低与画面主题 ··············300
13.6.2 怎样解决夜景照片色彩不正的问题 ··········301
13.6.3 点光源星芒的秘密 ·················302
13.6.4 高反差夜景摄影——分步曝光 ···303
第14章 人像摄影实拍技法 ·····304
14.1 选择合适的镜头拍摄人像 ·························306
14.1.1 定焦还是变焦更适合拍人像 ·····306
14.1.2 长焦人像的特点 ····················307
14.1.3 广角人像的特点 ····················307
14.2 画面中人像的比例大有学问 ····················308
14.2.1 特写人像的特点 ····················308
14.2.2 半身人像的特点 ····················309
14.2.3 七分人像的特点 ····················310
14.2.4 全身人像的特点 ····················310
14.3 人像用光的艺术 ············ 311
14.3.1 顺光人像摄影 ·······················311
14.3.2 侧光人像摄影 ·······················312
14.3.3 斜射光人像摄影 ····················312
14.3.4 逆光人像摄影 ·······················313
14.3.5 一天中最佳人像摄影时间 ········313
14.4 人像摄影的常见构图形式 ·····························314
14.4.1 三分法人像构图 ····················314
14.4.2 对角线人像构图 ····················315
14.4.3 S形人像构图 ·························315
14.4.4 黄金构图法人像构图 ··············316
14.5 人像摄影的经典法则 ······317
14.5.1 一定要突出人物 ····················317
14.5.2 对焦在眼睛 ··························317
14.5.3 不要切割关节 ·······················318
14.5.4 靠近拍摄可以更好 ·················318
14.5.5 时刻注意反射光线的补光功能 ··319
14.6 常见的美女写真技法 ······320
14.6.1 美女与阶梯写真 ····················320
14.6.2 美女与草地写真 ····················321
14.6.3 美女与香车写真 ····················321
14.6.4 棚拍的高调人像 ····················322
14.6.5 低调人像 ·····························322
14.6.6 重彩人像 ·····························323
14.6.7 淡雅人像 ·····························323
第15章 其他主题摄影实拍技法························324
15.1 商品摄影专题 ···············326
15.1.1 网拍商品需要准备的环境、灯具及道具清单 ··············326
15.1.2 拍摄商品之前先学会布光 ········326
15.1.3 商品质感和虚实表现 ··············328
15.1.4 商品的色彩表现 ····················329
15.1.5 情与景的交融 ·······················329
15.2 儿童摄影 ······················330
15.2.1 严禁使用闪光灯拍摄幼儿 ········330
15.2.2 利用大光圈拍摄儿童 ··············331
15.2.3 引导儿童的情绪 ····················332
15.2.4 抓住儿童最富表现力的时刻 ·····333
15.2.5 注意光线的使用 ····················333
15.2.6 为孩子的成长拍摄系列专题 ·····334
15.2.7 培养孩子的镜头感 ·················334
15.3 宠物摄影 ······················335
15.3.1 宠物摄影的注意事项 ··············335
15.3.2 不同特点的宠物拍摄 ··············336
15.4 微距摄影专题 ···············337
15.4.1 微距摄影的镜头及附件选择 ·····338
15.4.2 微距摄影的光影 ····················340
15.4.3 微距摄影的构图 ····················340
15.4.4 微观世界的质感 ····················341
15.4.5 植物与昆虫 ·······················341
摄影后期篇
第16章 摄影后期处理技巧与实战·····················344
16.1 利用Photoshop软件对数码照片进行处理 ··············346
16.1.1 利用“色阶”调整画面的明暗 ··346
16.1.2 利用“曲线”调整画面影调 ·····348
16.1.3 利用“色相/饱和度”调整画面色彩 ·········349
16.1.4 利用“黑白”调整得到多样化的黑白效果 ··············350
16.1.5 利用“照片滤镜”调整为照片换一种风格 ·················351
16.1.6 利用“锐化”滤镜让照片更清晰 ······················352
16.1.7 利用“液化”工具改变人物脸型与体型 ···············353
16.1.8 利用“污点修复画笔工具”修补照片瑕疵 ···················355
16.2 Camera Raw处理照片的技巧 ·············356
16.2.1 Camera Raw的启动 ·················356
16.2.2 Camera Raw基本操作区的功能详解 ··············357
16.2.3 利用Camera Raw处理照片实战 ················359