本书系统介绍MySQL 5.7数据库管理系统的基础知识与开发工具。全书共分17章，内容包括数据库概述、安装和配置MySQL、操作MySQL数据库、MySQL存储引擎、数据类型、操作MySQL数据表、约束、函数、基本查询语句、进阶查询语句、视图、自定义函数、存储过程、触发器、索引、用户与权限、数据库恢复备份，最后介绍基于PHP语言和MySQL开发的企业项目开发案例。本书从初学者的角度，以丰富的实例、通俗易懂的语言、简单的图示，详细介绍MySQL使用和开发中重点用到的多种技术，可以让读者快速掌握MySQL数据库的使用方法。
MySQL是一个关系型数据库管理系统，目前属于 Oracle 旗下的产品。在Web应用方面，MySQL是最好的 RDBMS（Relational Database Management System，关系数据库管理系统）应用软件，拥有多线程、跨平台、分布式、高性能、可移植、免费开源等优点和特性，是最流行的关系型数据库管理系统之一。掌握数据库语言、能够使用MySQL数据库进行应用开发已成为高校计算机相关专业学生的必备技能。
与其他的大型数据库（如Oracle、DB2、SQL Server等）相比，MySQL也有不足之处，但是这丝毫没有降低它受欢迎的程度。对于一般的个人使用者和中小型企业来说，MySQL提供的功能已经绰绰有余，而且由于 MySQL是开放源码的，因此可以大大降低总体拥有成本。
本书通过通俗易懂的语言和实用生动的例子系统地介绍MySQL数据库设计的基础知识、开发环境与开发工具，每章的后面都提供练习题，方便读者及时检查学习效果，书中还提供上机演练，使读者能够快速掌握MySQL数据库的使用方法，提高操作技能。
本书突出内容的实用性和通俗易懂的特点，使用大量口语化的文字以及图示帮助读者降低学习难度，跨过心理障碍，快速上手。
全书内容共分为17章，各章内容介绍如下：
第1章介绍MySQL数据库的相关概念，包括数据库基本概念、数据库技术和MySQL数据库的简介。
第2章介绍MySQL的安装和配置，包括MySQL 5.7的新特性、MySQL在不同操作系统上的安装和MySQL的配置。
第3章介绍MySQL数据库的操作，主要包括数据库的创建、修改、删除和选择。
第4章介绍MySQL存储引擎与数据类型。
第5章介绍数据表的操作。
第6章介绍MySQL数据库中的约束，包括主键约束、外键约束、唯一约束、检查约束、默认值约束和非空约束。
第7 章介绍MySQL 函数，主要包括数值型函数、字符串函数、日期与时间函数以及聚合函数。
第8 章介绍基本查询语句，主要包括查询语句基础和条件语句。
第9 章介绍高级查询语句，主要包括多表查询、子查询和分组查询。
第10 章介绍MySQL 数据表中数据的操作，包括数据的添加、修改和删除。
第11 章介绍MySQL 中的视图。
第12 章介绍自定义函数和存储过程。
第13 章介绍MySQL 中的触发器。
第14 章介绍MySQL 中的索引。
第15 章介绍MySQL 中的用户与权限。
第16 章介绍事务与数据库的备份恢复。
第17 章通过项目演练让读者了解和掌握MySQL 数据库在程序开发中的作用，提高应用能力。
本书资源可以登录机械工业出版社华章分社的网站（www.hzbook.com）下载，搜索到本书，然后在页面上的“资源下载”模块下载即可。
本书主要由梁晶编写，书中的代码经过严格测试，可以直接运行。参与编写的还有杨艳玲、薛彩虹、陈爱英、陈丽萍、郭爱欣、刘娟、刘晓、张玉姣、李新娜、梁树红、李东博，对参与文字录入及书中代码的编写、调试工作的人员表示衷心的感谢。他们对本书的编写付出了大量的劳动。如果读者对本书有疑问或建议，可发送电子邮件至booksaga@126.com。
由于编者的水平有限，加之编写时间仓促，书中难免出现疏漏之处，敬请读者批评指正。
编 者
2018 年6 月
计算机\数据库
前 言
第1章 数据库概述 ·····································1
1.1 数据库基本概念 ·······························1
1.1.1 数据存储方式 ·······························1
1.1.2 什么是数据库 ············································2
1.1.3 数据库的存储结构 ····································2
1.1.4 数据库在开发中的作用 ···········································4
1.2 数据库技术 ··············································4
1.2.1 数据库系统 ·······························4
1.2.2 了解SQL语言 ·······································6
1.2.3 数据库访问技术 ···············································6
1.3 认识MySQL ···············································7
1.3.1 MySQL的优势 ······································7
1.3.2 MySQL的版本 ······································8
1.3.3 如何获取MySQL ···········································8
1.4 数据库的学习方法 ···········································10
1.5 小结 ·········································11
1.6 练习题 ·····································11
第2章 安装和配置MySQL ·········································12
2.1 MySQL 5.7的新特性 ·······································12
2.2 在不同平台上安装MySQL ·····································13
2.2.1 安装条件 ··············································13
2.2.2 在Windows系统上安装MySQL ········································13
2.2.3 在Linux系统上安装MySQL ································17
2.2.4 打开MySQL数据库 ··············································20
2.3 验证MySQL是否安装成功 ············································21
2.3.1 获取服务器状态 ············································22
2.3.2 执行简单的SQL 命令 ············································22
2.4 启动服务和登录MySQL 数据库 ·······································22
2.4.1 启动MySQL 服务 ··············································22
2.4.2 登录MySQL 数据库 ··············································23
2.4.3 配置Path 变量 ·····································25
2.5 配置MySQL 数据库 ········································26
2.5.1 使用配置向导 ······································26
2.5.2 手工更改配置 ······································30
2.6 使用MySQL Workbench 图形管理工具·····································30
2.7 使用免安装的MySQL ·····································31
2.8 小结 ·········································33
2.9 练习题 ·····································33
第3 章 操作MySQL 数据库 ········································ 34
3.1 创建数据库 ································34
3.1.1 基本语法 ··············································34
3.1.2 创建并查看数据库 ·······································35
3.1.3 创建指定字符集的数据库 ·····································36
3.2 修改数据库 ··········································37
3.2.1 基本语法 ··············································37
3.2.2 修改数据库的字符集 ·············································38
3.3 删除数据库 ·············································38
3.3.1 基本语法 ··············································38
3.3.2 删除数据库 ··········································39
3.4 选择数据库 ···········································40
3.5 使用图形界面管理数据库 ·····································40
3.6 综合案例 ·······························43
3.6.1 案例目的 ··············································43
3.6.2 案例演示过程 ······································44
3.7 小结 ·········································46
3.8 练习题 ·····································46
第4 章 MySQL 存储引擎与数据类型 ········································· 47
4.1 存储引擎 ·······························47
4.1.1 什么是存储引擎 ·········································47
4.1.2 MySQL 5.7 支持的存储引擎 ·································48
4.1.3 如何选择存储引擎 ··············································48
4.1.4 操作默认存储引擎 ·············································49
4.2 数据类型 ·······························49
4.2.1 整数类型 ··············································50
4.2.2 浮点数类型和定点数类型 ·····································51
4.2.3 日期与时间类型 ········································52
4.2.4 字符串和二进制类型 ··········································55
4.3 综合案例 ·······························59
4.3.1 案例目的 ··············································59
4.3.2 案例演示过程 ······································59
4.4 小结 ·········································60
4.5 练习题 ·····································60
第5 章 操 作 表 ········································ 62
5.1 表的基本概念 ··································62
5.2 创建表 ·····································62
5.2.1 基本语法 ··············································62
5.2.2 在指定的数据库中创建表 ·····································63
5.2.3 查看表结构 ··········································64
5.3 修改表 ·····································65
5.3.1 基本语法 ··············································66
5.3.2 添加字段 ··············································66
5.3.3 修改字段数据类型 ································67
5.3.4 删除字段 ··············································68
5.3.5 修改字段名称 ······································69
5.3.6 修改表名 ··············································69
5.4 删除表 ·····································70
5.4.1 基本语法 ··············································70
5.4.2 删除表 ·································70
5.5 使用图形界面操作数据表 ·································71
5.6 综合案例 ·······························75
5.6.1 案例目的 ··············································75
5.6.2 案例演示过程 ······································75
5.7 小结 ········································79
5.8 练习题 ·····································79
第6 章 约 束 ··········································· 80
6.1 约束的作用 ······································80
6.2 主键约束 ·······························80
6.2.1 选取设置主键约束的字段 ·····································80
6.2.2 在创建表时设置主键约束 ·····································81
6.2.3 在创建表时设置复合主键 ·····································82
6.2.4 在修改表时添加主键约束 ·····································83
6.2.5 使用图形界面操作主键约束 ·································83
6.3 外键约束 ·······························84
6.3.1 选取设置外键约束的字段 ·····································84
6.3.2 在创建表时设置外键约束 ·····································85
6.3.3 在修改表时添加外键约束 ·····································86
6.3.4 删除外键约束 ······································87
6.3.5 使用图形界面操作外键约束 ·································88
6.4 唯一约束 ·······························89
6.4.1 选取设置唯一约束的字段 ·····································89
6.4.2 在创建表时设置唯一约束 ·····································89
6.4.3 在修改表时添加唯一约束 ·····································90
6.4.4 删除唯一约束 ······································90
6.4.5 使用图形界面操作唯一约束 ·································91
6.5 检查约束 ·······························91
6.5.1 选取设置检查约束的字段 ·····································91
6.5.2 在创建表时设置检查约束 ·····································92
6.5.3 在修改表时添加检查约束 ·····································92
6.5.4 删除检查约束 ······································93
6.5.5 使用图形界面操作检查约束 ·································93
6.6 默认值约束 ······································93
6.6.1 选取设置默认值约束的字段 ·································93
6.6.2 在创建表时设置默认值约束 ·································93
6.6.3 在修改表时添加默认值约束 ·································94
6.6.4 删除默认值约束 ····································94
6.6.5 使用图形界面操作默认值约束 ········································95
6.7 非空约束 ·······························95
6.7.1 选取设置非空约束的字段 ·····································95
6.7.2 在创建表时设置非空约束 ·····································95
6.7.3 在修改表时添加非空约束 ·····································96
6.7.4 删除非空约束 ······································97
6.7.5 使用图形界面操作非空约束 ·································97
6.8 查看表中的约束 ···············································98
6.9 综合案例 ·······························98
6.9.1 案例目的 ··············································98
6.9.2 案例演示过程 ······································99
6.10 小结 ·····································100
6.11 练习题 ·······························100
第7 章 函 数 ········································· 102
7.1 数值型函数 ····································102
7.1.1 ABS 函数 ············································102
7.1.2 MOD 函数 ··········································103
7.1.3 SQRT 函数 ·········································103
7.1.4 SIGN 函数 ··········································103
7.1.5 CEIL 与CELING 函数 ·········································104
7.1.6 三角函数 ············································104
7.2 字符串函数 ····································106
7.2.1 LENGTH 函数 ·····································106
7.2.2 UPPER 与LOWER 函数 ······································107
7.2.3 LEFT 与RIGHT 函数 ···········································107
7.2.4 CONCAT 函数 ·····································108
7.2.5 TRIM 函数 ·········································108
7.2.6 INSERT 函数 ······································109
7.2.7 SUBSTRING 函数 ·······························109
7.2.8 REVERSE 函数 ····································110
7.2.9 REPLACE 函数 ····································110
7.3 日期与时间函数 ·············································111
7.3.1 NOW 和SYSDATE 函数 ·····································111
7.3.2 CURDATE 函数和CURRENT_DATE 函数 ·································111
7.3.3 CURTIME 函数和CURRENT_TIME 函数 ··································112
7.3.4 DAYOFWEEK 函数和WEEKDAY 函数 ·······································112
7.3.5 DAYOFMONTH 函数和DAYOFYEAR 函数 ······································113
7.3.6 MONTH 函数和MONTHNAME 函数 ········································113
7.3.7 DATEDIFF 函数···································114
7.3.8 ADDDATE 函数 ···································114
7.3.9 DATE_FORMAT 函数 ··········································115
7.4 聚合函数 ········································116
7.4.1 MAX 函数 ··········································116
7.4.2 MIN 函数 ············································117
7.4.3 COUNT 函数 ······································118
7.4.4 SUM 函数 ···········································118
7.4.5 AVG 函数 ···········································119
7.5 综合案例 ········································119
7.5.1 案例目的 ············································119
7.5.2 案例演示过程 ······································120
7.6 小结 ·······································121
7.7 练习题 ·································121
第8 章 使用基本的查询语句 ····································· 122
8.1 查询语句基础 ································122
8.1.1 基本语法 ············································122
8.1.2 使用“*”查询表中的全部内容 ····································123
8.1.3 查询表中指定的字段 ···········································124
8.1.4 使用DISTINCT 关键字去除结果中的重复行 ································126
8.1.5 在查询时给表和字段设置别名 ······································127
8.1.6 使用LIMIT 关键字指定查询结果的行数 ····································128
8.1.7 使用ORDER BY 对查询结果进行排序 ······································130
8.2 带WHERE 关键字的条件查询 ········································132
8.2.1 常用的运算符 ······································132
8.2.2 单一条件的查询语句 ···········································138
8.2.3 多条件的查询语句 ··············································138
8.2.4 使用LIKE 的模糊查询 ········································139
8.2.5 日期字段作为条件的查询语句 ······································141
8.3 综合案例 ········································141
8.3.1 案例目的 ············································141
8.3.2 案例演示过程 ······································142
8.4 小结 ·······································145
8.5 练习题 ·································145
第9 章 高级查询 ······································ 146
9.1 多表查询 ········································146
9.1.1 内连接查询 ········································147
9.1.2 外连接查询 ········································149
9.1.3 自连接查询 ········································151
9.2 子查询 ·································151
9.2.1 使用子查询的时机 ··············································151
9.2.2 子查询中常用的运算符 ·······································152
9.2.3 子查询的应用 ······································152
9.3 分组查询 ········································156
9.3.1 使用分组查询的时机 ···········································156
9.3.2 聚合函数在分组查询中的应用 ······································157
9.3.3 使用HAVING 关键字设置条件 ·····································158
9.4 使用正则表达式的查询 ···································159
9.4.1 查询以特定字符或字符串开头的记录 ·····························160
9.4.2 查询以特定字符或字符串结尾的记录 ·····································160
9.4.3 用符号“.”代替字符串中的任意一个字符 ······························161
9.4.4 使用“*”和“+”来匹配多个字符 ····························161
9.4.5 匹配指定字符串 ··································162
9.4.6 匹配指定字符串中的任意一个 ······································163
9.4.7 匹配指定字符以外的字符 ···································164
9.5 综合案例 ········································164
9.5.1 案例目的 ············································164
9.5.2 案例演示过程 ······································165
9.6 小结 ·······································168
9.7 练习题 ·································169
第10 章 操作表中的数据 ·········································· 170
10.1 使用INSERT 语句添加数据 ··········································170
10.1.1 基本语法 ··········································170
10.1.2 向表中的全部字段添加值 ·································172
10.1.3 向表中指定字段添加值 ·····································174
10.1.4 使用INSERT INTO … FROM 语句复制表数据 ···································174
10.2 使用UPDATE 语句修改数据 ········································175
10.2.1 UPDATE 语句的基本语法 ·································175
10.2.2 修改表中的数据 ································176
10.2.3 根据条件修改表中的数据 ·································176
10.3 使用DELETE 语句删除数据 ·········································177
10.3.1 删除单个表中的数据 ·········································177
10.3.2 删除表中的全部数据 ·········································177
10.3.3 根据条件删除表中的数据 ·································177
10.4 使用图形界面操作表中的数据 ······································178
10.5 综合案例 ······································179
10.5.1 案例目的 ·········································180
10.5.2 案例演示过程 ···································180
10.6 小结 ·····································184
10.7 练习题 ·······························184
第11 章 视 图 ······································ 185
11.1 认识视图 ······································185
11.2 创建视图 ······································187
11.2.1 基本语法 ···········································187
11.2.2 创建基于单表的视图 ··········································187
11.2.3 创建基于多表的视图 ··········································189
11.2.4 查询视图 ···········································190
11.3 修改视图 ······································191
11.3.1 基本语法 ···········································191
11.3.2 修改视图内容 ·····································191
11.3.3 修改视图名称 ·····································194
11.4 删除视图 ······································194
11.4.1 基本语法 ···········································194
11.4.2 删除视图 ···········································194
11.5 使用图形界面操作视图 ·································194
11.6 综合案例 ······································196
11.6.1 案例目的 ··········································196
11.6.2 案例演示过程 ····································197
11.7 小结 ·····································201
11.8 练习题 ·······························201
第12 章 自定义函数和存储过程 ································ 202
12.1 为什么要使用自定义函数 ··········································202
12.1.1 创建并使用自定义函数 ·····································202
12.1.2 修改自定义函数 ································204
12.1.3 删除自定义函数 ································204
12.1.4 使用图形界面操作自定义函数 ····································204
12.2 为什么要使用存储过程 ·································205
12.3 结构控制语句 ···············································206
12.3.1 声明变量 ··········································206
12.3.2 条件控制语句 ····································207
12.3.3 循环控制语句 ····································208
12.4 创建存储过程 ···············································210
12.4.1 基本语法 ··········································210
12.4.2 创建不带参数的存储过程 ·································211
12.4.3 创建带参数的存储过程 ·····································212
12.5 修改存储过程 ···············································212
12.5.1 基本语法 ··········································212
12.5.2 修改存储过程的内容和名称 ········································213
12.6 删除存储过程 ···············································213
12.6.1 基本语法 ··········································213
12.6.2 删除存储过程 ····································213
12.7 使用图形界面操作存储过程 ·········································213
12.8 综合案例 ······································215
12.8.1 案例目的 ·········································215
12.8.2 案例演示过程 ····································216
12.9 小结 ·····································217
12.10 练习题 ········································217
第13 章 触 发 器 ······································ 219
13.1 为什么要使用触发器 ·····································219
13.2 创建触发器 ··································221
13.2.1 基本语法 ··········································221
13.2.2 创建BEFORE 类型触发器 ································222
13.2.3 创建AFTER 类型触发器 ···································223
13.3 修改和删除触发器 ·······································224
13.3.1 基本语法 ··········································224
13.3.2 删除触发器 ······································225
13.4 使用图形界面操作触发器 ·········································226
13.5 综合案例 ······································227
13.5.1 案例目的 ·········································227
13.5.2 案例演示过程 ···································227
13.6 小结 ·····································229
13.7 练习题 ·······························229
第14 章 索 引 ······································· 231
14.1 为什么要使用索引 ·······································231
14.1.1 索引的分类 ······································232
14.1.2 索引的使用原则和注意事项 ········································234
14.2 创建索引 ······································235
14.2.1 基本语法 ··········································235
14.2.2 创建一般索引 ····································237
14.2.3 创建唯一索引 ····································237
14.2.4 查看索引 ··········································238
14.3 修改和删除索引 ···········································239
14.3.1 基本语法 ··········································239
14.3.2 删除索引 ··········································240
14.4 综合案例 ······································241
14.4.1 案例目的 ·········································241
14.4.2 案例演示过程 ····································242
14.5 小结 ·····································243
14.6 练习题 ·······························244
第15 章 用户与权限 ································· 245
15.1 用户管理 ······································245
15.1.1 创建用户 ··········································246
15.1.2 修改用户 ··········································247
15.1.3 删除用户 ··········································249
15.2 权限管理 ······································250
15.2.1 授予用户权限 ····································250
15.2.2 撤销用户权限 ····································253
15.3 使用图形工具操作用户和权限 ······································254
15.4 综合案例 ······································256
15.4.1 案例目的 ·········································256
15.4.2 案例演示过程 ···································256
15.5 小结 ·····································260
15.6 练习题 ·······························260
第16 章 事务与数据库的备份恢复 ····································· 261
16.1 事务 ·····································261
16.1.1 为什么要使用事务 ·············································261
16.1.2 开始事务 ··········································262
16.1.3 提交事务 ··········································262
16.1.4 撤销事务 ··········································262
16.2 数据库的备份恢复 ·······································263
16.2.1 数据库备份 ······································264
16.2.2 恢复数据库 ······································264
16.3 综合案例 ······································265
16.3.1 案例目的 ·········································266
16.3.2 案例演示过程 ···································266
16.4 小结 ·····································269
16.5 练习题 ·······························269
第17 章 企业项目开发案例 ······································· 271
17.1 项目的导入 ··································271
17.2 创建数据库与设计表结构 ···········································273
17.2.1 系统功能描述和功能模块划分 ····································273
17.2.2 系统流程分析 ····································274
17.2.3 系统所用文件 ····································274
17.2.4 创建数据库 ······································275
17.2.5 设计表结构 ······································275
17.3 设计新闻发布模块 ·······································276
17.3.1 新闻首页 ··········································276
17.3.2 公司新闻详细信息页面 ·····································285
17.3.3 社会新闻详细信息页面 ·····································288
17.3.4 员工动态详细信息页面 ·····································291
17.3.5 公司所有新闻页面 ·············································294
17.3.6 社会所有新闻页面 ·············································296
17.3.7 员工动态所有信息页面 ·····································299
17.4 设计与开发新闻管理模块 ··········································302
17.4.1 新闻管理首页 ····································302
17.4.2 新闻插入页面 ····································310
17.4.3 新闻修改页面 ····································315
17.4.4 新闻删除确认页面 ············································321
17.4.5 新闻删除页面 ····································325
17.5 练习题 ·······························326
